Prime Duty: Hydronic heating systems, apartments, office buildings, small commercial/industrial buildings.
Comments:

 • Economic where high hydrostatic pressure over 30# WWP are required.
 • Boiler not affected by thermal shock, however is subject to flue gas condensation caused by low inlet and/or operating temperatures.
 • Atmospheric firing. Pressure fired not true forced draft.
 • Large refractory surfaces not water-backed cause “hot spots.”
 • Heavy insulation of jackets required.
 • Cannot be used for process steam due to low water content.
 • Medium cost/low longevity.