The cold and hot fluid inlet and outlet temperature and ΔP of the fluids across the heat exchangers are very significant in determination of the health of that heat exchanger. In condensers ΔP is shown as vacuum. Any increase in ΔP or decrease in vacuum is an indication of fouling […]

Flow-rates and any change in flow-rates have different effects on Q and U values. Following are the effects: Changes Effects If hot fluid flow rate is increased     The ΔP of hot fluid across the heat exchanger will increase. The inlet P of hot fluid will increase The ΔT of hot […]

It is desirable to get a rated load or some agreed-upon load on the turbine which will be the same for each successive check and read the load, air leakage, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature and the absolute pressure in the condenser, and convert the absolute pressure into the […]

1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm 1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m 1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in = 1.0936 yd 1 km = 0.62137 mile 1 mm = 1000 microns 1 micron = 1/100000 m = 1/10000 cm 1 kg = 2.205 lb […]

Scotch boilers (often referred to as scotch marine boilers) derive their name from the Scottish shipyards that built boilers for marine vessels for the British Navy. Old brick set boilers used to burn through the bottom of the ships. The “Scotch Marine” design featured a cylindrical vessel enclosing a totally […]

In watertube design boilers the water runs though tubes surrounded by combustion gases. Watertube boilers are used on the very high and very low spectrum of the boiler market. These are identified by their respective horsepower ranges as: • Utility — 100000 MBH and up• Industrial — 30000 to 100000 […]

Prime Duty: Hydronic heating 30# to 160# WWP. hospitals, small commercial/industrial and process. Firing Modes: Forced draft firing only. Comments: Economical boiler where high hydrostatic pressure over 30# WWP are required. Entire combustion chamber and all flue gas passages backed with tangential water tubes. Boiler good for hydronic applications, however, […]

Prime Duty: Hydronic heating systems, apartments, office buildings, small commercial/industrial buildings. Comments: Economic where high hydrostatic pressure over 30# WWP are required. Boiler not affected by thermal shock, however is subject to flue gas condensation caused by low inlet and/or operating temperatures. Atmospheric firing. Pressure fired not true forced draft. […]

Prime Duty: Domestic hot water and hydronic heating for apartments, office buildings, small commercial/industrial. Comments: Economic where high hydrostatic pressure over 30# WWP are required. Boiler not affected by thermal shock, however is subject to flue gas condensation caused by low inlet and/or operating temperatures. Atmospheric firing. Pressure fired not […]

Prime Duty: Domestic hot water, pool heaters, hospitals, health clubs, motels, small industrial plants, laundries, restaurants and car washes. Comments: Quick recovery Low cost Low longevity Consult manufacturer’s data regarding minimum water circulation rates and pressure drops.